ABSTRACT
Objective To optimize the preparation of gambogenic acid hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) inclusion complex of freeze-dried powder injection. Methods Gambogenic acid HP-β-CD inclusion complex of freeze-dried powder injection was prepared by freeze-drying method, gambogenic acid content was determined by HPLC, and the preparation was optimized by orthogonal design taking inclusion rate as index. Results The optimized preparation process for inclusion was that the reaction mass charge ratio (HP-β-CD-gambogenic acid) was 10 : 1, for 5 h at 20°C. The inclusion rate of prepared inclusion complex was higher; The freeze-dried powder was with color uniformity, fluffy texture, and good solubility. Conclusion The process is reasonable and with good reproducibility.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the inhibitory effect of Fuzheng Yiliu Granule (FYG) on hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and investigate the mechanism mediating its bioactivity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>H22 tumor-bearing ICR mice were treated with FYG [3.6 g/(kg·d)] for 5 days. Tumor volume and tumor weight, percentages of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), and natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood, tumor apoptosis and serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were evaluated. FYG-containing serum was prepared from SD rats treated for 7 days [high dose 3.6 g/(kg·d); middle dose 1.8 g/(kg·d); low dose 0.9 g/(kg·d)]. Cell cycle, cell viability, and apoptosis were evaluated after HepG2 cell line was cultured in FYG-containing serum for 48 h. The levels of IL-2 and TNF-α in FYG-containing serum were also determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>FYG produced a potent antitumor effect (P<0.01) and induced marked apoptosis of the tumor tissue (P<0.05). Mice treated with FYG had higher percentages of CD3(+) and CD4(+) (P<0.05), and more NK cells (P<0.01) in the peripheral blood than those in the animals treated with normal saline. Mice receiving FYG had the highest serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-α (P<0.01). High-dose FYG-containing serum significantly decreased HepG2 cell viability, inhibited cell proliferation (P<0.05), and induced apoptosis (P<0.01). In addition, the levels of IL-2 and TNF-α of high-dose-containing serum were higher than the blank serum (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FYG could inhibit HCC growth by regulating immune function and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells in vivo and in vitro.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Rats , Apoptosis , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Blood , Allergy and Immunology , Pathology , Cell Proliferation , Cell Survival , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Hep G2 Cells , Interleukin-2 , Liver Neoplasms , Blood , Allergy and Immunology , Pathology , Lymphocyte Count , Mice, Inbred ICR , Serum , Tumor Burden , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
Heavy metal treatment in wastewater by biosorption using moulds was introduced. Different uptake capacities of several different moulds were reviewed. Some factors affecting biosorption were summarized. The mechanism of moulds adsorption and techniques of immobilization were also discussed. In addition, the development tendency of heavy metal treatment in wastewater by biosorption using moulds was envisioned.